diff --git a/api-providers/image-understanding/_index.json b/api-providers/image-understanding/_index.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce36a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api-providers/image-understanding/_index.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "image_understanding 工具后端加载顺序索引",
+  "order": ["configured-vision-openai", "configured-vision-anthropic", "minimax"]
+}
diff --git a/api-providers/image-understanding/configured-vision-anthropic.json b/api-providers/image-understanding/configured-vision-anthropic.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d47d02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api-providers/image-understanding/configured-vision-anthropic.json
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+  "id": "configured-vision-anthropic",
+  "name": "视觉模型（Anthropic 兼容，复用默认映射）",
+  "capability": "image_understanding",
+  "enabled": true,
+  "builtin": true,
+  "priority": 20,
+  "endpoint": "${baseUrl}/messages",
+  "method": "POST",
+  "computeServiceType": "vision",
+  "requiresApiFormat": "anthropic-messages",
+  "auth": { "type": "header", "headerName": "x-api-key" },
+  "request": {
+    "imageMode": "base64",
+    "headers": { "anthropic-version": "2023-06-01" },
+    "bodyTemplate": {
+      "model": "${model}",
+      "max_tokens": 1024,
+      "messages": [
+        {
+          "role": "user",
+          "content": [
+            { "type": "image", "source": { "type": "base64", "media_type": "${imageMime}", "data": "${imageBase64}" } },
+            { "type": "text", "text": "${prompt}" }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "response": { "textPath": "content.0.text" },
+  "timeoutMs": 30000
+}
diff --git a/api-providers/image-understanding/configured-vision-openai.json b/api-providers/image-understanding/configured-vision-openai.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e453a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api-providers/image-understanding/configured-vision-openai.json
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "id": "configured-vision-openai",
+  "name": "视觉模型（OpenAI 兼容，复用默认映射）",
+  "capability": "image_understanding",
+  "enabled": true,
+  "builtin": true,
+  "priority": 10,
+  "endpoint": "${baseUrl}/chat/completions",
+  "method": "POST",
+  "computeServiceType": "vision",
+  "requiresApiFormat": "openai-completions",
+  "auth": { "type": "bearer" },
+  "request": {
+    "imageMode": "url",
+    "bodyTemplate": {
+      "model": "${model}",
+      "messages": [
+        {
+          "role": "user",
+          "content": [
+            { "type": "text", "text": "${prompt}" },
+            { "type": "image_url", "image_url": { "url": "${imageUrl}" } }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "response": { "textPath": "choices.0.message.content" },
+  "timeoutMs": 30000
+}
diff --git a/api-providers/image-understanding/minimax.json b/api-providers/image-understanding/minimax.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51dc290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api-providers/image-understanding/minimax.json
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "id": "minimax",
+  "name": "MiniMax 图像理解（内测网关）",
+  "capability": "image_understanding",
+  "enabled": false,
+  "builtin": true,
+  "priority": 30,
+  "endpoint": "${baseUrl}/understand_image",
+  "method": "POST",
+  "baseUrlRef": "internal-testing",
+  "auth": { "type": "bearer" },
+  "request": {
+    "imageMode": "url",
+    "bodyTemplate": { "prompt": "${prompt}", "image_url": "${imageUrl}" }
+  },
+  "response": { "textPath": "text" },
+  "timeoutMs": 30000
+}
diff --git a/api-providers/web-search/_index.json b/api-providers/web-search/_index.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3085cf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api-providers/web-search/_index.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "web_search 工具后端加载顺序索引",
+  "order": ["tavily", "serper", "minimax"]
+}
diff --git a/api-providers/web-search/minimax.json b/api-providers/web-search/minimax.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ab0230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api-providers/web-search/minimax.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "id": "minimax",
+  "name": "MiniMax 搜索（内测网关）",
+  "capability": "web_search",
+  "enabled": false,
+  "builtin": true,
+  "priority": 30,
+  "endpoint": "${baseUrl}/web_search",
+  "method": "POST",
+  "baseUrlRef": "internal-testing",
+  "auth": { "type": "bearer" },
+  "request": {
+    "bodyTemplate": { "query": "${query}", "num_results": "${maxResults}" }
+  },
+  "response": {
+    "resultsPath": "results",
+    "item": { "titlePath": "title", "urlPath": "url", "snippetPath": "content" }
+  },
+  "timeoutMs": 10000
+}
diff --git a/api-providers/web-search/serper.json b/api-providers/web-search/serper.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf3671f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api-providers/web-search/serper.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "id": "serper",
+  "name": "Serper",
+  "capability": "web_search",
+  "enabled": false,
+  "builtin": true,
+  "priority": 20,
+  "endpoint": "https://google.serper.dev/search",
+  "method": "POST",
+  "auth": { "type": "header", "headerName": "X-API-KEY", "apiKeyRef": "serper" },
+  "request": {
+    "bodyTemplate": { "q": "${query}", "num": "${maxResults}" }
+  },
+  "response": {
+    "resultsPath": "organic",
+    "item": { "titlePath": "title", "urlPath": "link", "snippetPath": "snippet" }
+  },
+  "timeoutMs": 10000
+}
diff --git a/api-providers/web-search/tavily.json b/api-providers/web-search/tavily.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f37618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api-providers/web-search/tavily.json
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{
+  "id": "tavily",
+  "name": "Tavily",
+  "capability": "web_search",
+  "enabled": false,
+  "builtin": true,
+  "priority": 10,
+  "endpoint": "https://api.tavily.com/search",
+  "method": "POST",
+  "auth": { "type": "bearer", "apiKeyRef": "tavily" },
+  "request": {
+    "bodyTemplate": {
+      "query": "${query}",
+      "max_results": "${maxResults}",
+      "search_depth": "basic"
+    }
+  },
+  "response": {
+    "resultsPath": "results",
+    "item": { "titlePath": "title", "urlPath": "url", "snippetPath": "content" }
+  },
+  "timeoutMs": 10000
+}
diff --git a/schemas/api-provider.schema.json b/schemas/api-provider.schema.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..922bb8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/schemas/api-provider.schema.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+  "$id": "https://desirecore.net/schemas/config-center/api-provider.schema.json",
+  "title": "ApiProvider",
+  "description": "api-providers/<capability>/*.json：声明式外部 API 供应商（web_search / image_understanding 工具后端）。镜像 desirecore 主仓 lib/schemas/agent-service/api-provider.ts。",
+  "type": "object",
+  "required": ["id", "name", "capability", "enabled", "endpoint", "auth", "request", "response"],
+  "additionalProperties": false,
+  "properties": {
+    "id": { "type": "string", "description": "同 capability 下唯一标识" },
+    "name": { "type": "string", "description": "显示名称" },
+    "capability": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "enum": ["web_search", "image_understanding"],
+      "description": "服务的工具能力"
+    },
+    "enabled": { "type": "boolean", "description": "是否启用" },
+    "builtin": { "type": "boolean", "description": "是否为内置默认", "default": false },
+    "priority": { "type": "number", "description": "优先级，越小越优先", "default": 100 },
+    "endpoint": { "type": "string", "description": "API 端点 URL，支持 ${变量}" },
+    "method": { "type": "string", "enum": ["POST", "GET"], "description": "HTTP 方法", "default": "POST" },
+    "computeServiceType": { "type": "string", "description": "复用算力默认映射的服务类型（如 vision）" },
+    "requiresApiFormat": { "type": "string", "description": "仅当解析出的 provider apiFormat 等于此值时可用" },
+    "baseUrlRef": { "type": "string", "description": "指向某算力 provider 的 provider 标识，取其 baseUrl 与密钥" },
+    "auth": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "description": "鉴权配置",
+      "required": ["type"],
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "type": { "type": "string", "enum": ["bearer", "header", "query", "none"] },
+        "apiKeyRef": { "type": "string", "description": "secrets.json 中的密钥引用名" },
+        "headerName": { "type": "string", "description": "type=header 时的请求头名称" },
+        "queryParam": { "type": "string", "description": "type=query 时的查询参数名" }
+      }
+    },
+    "request": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "description": "请求构造，字符串值支持 ${变量}",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "headers": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "string" } },
+        "bodyTemplate": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": true },
+        "queryParams": { "type": "object", "additionalProperties": { "type": "string" } },
+        "imageMode": { "type": "string", "enum": ["url", "base64"] }
+      }
+    },
+    "response": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "description": "响应提取",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "resultsPath": { "type": "string", "description": "web_search 结果数组的点路径" },
+        "item": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "titlePath": { "type": "string" },
+            "urlPath": { "type": "string" },
+            "snippetPath": { "type": "string" },
+            "pageAgePath": { "type": "string" }
+          }
+        },
+        "textPath": { "type": "string", "description": "image_understanding 结果文本的点路径" }
+      }
+    },
+    "timeoutMs": { "type": "number", "description": "请求超时（毫秒）", "default": 10000 }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/scripts/validate.mjs b/scripts/validate.mjs
index eb6bc5b..75549f8 100644
--- a/scripts/validate.mjs
+++ b/scripts/validate.mjs
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ function pickSchemaKey(absPath) {
   if (rel.startsWith('compute/providers/') && rel.endsWith('.json')) return 'provider'
   if (rel.startsWith('compute/coding-plans/') && rel.endsWith('.json')) return 'provider'
   if (rel.startsWith('compute/model-specs/') && rel.endsWith('.json')) return 'model-spec'
+  // api-providers/<capability>/*.json：声明式外部 API 供应商（_index.json 复用 providers-index）
+  if (rel.startsWith('api-providers/') && rel.endsWith('/_index.json')) return 'providers-index'
+  if (rel.startsWith('api-providers/') && rel.endsWith('.json')) return 'api-provider'
   return null
 }